{"id":410,"date":"2026-01-16T05:26:13","date_gmt":"2026-01-16T03:26:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3dprint.lviv.ua\/how-a-slicer-works\/"},"modified":"2026-10-09T22:04:22","modified_gmt":"2026-10-09T19:04:22","slug":"how-a-slicer-works","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3dprint.lviv.ua\/en\/how-a-slicer-works\/","title":{"rendered":"How a slicer works \u2014 from 3D model to G-code"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>What a slicer is and why you need one<\/h2>\n<p>Between a 3D model on a computer screen and a finished part from the printer there\u2019s an important intermediate step \u2014 <strong>slicing<\/strong>. A slicer is software that turns a three-dimensional model into a set of instructions for a 3D printer, known as <strong>G-code<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Without a slicer, a 3D printer can\u2019t print a part: it simply doesn\u2019t understand 3D model formats (STL, OBJ, 3MF). The printer works with coordinates and commands \u2014 where to move the head, how fast, when to feed plastic, what temperature to hold. All of this is generated by the slicer.<\/p>\n<p>The name \u201cslicer\u201d comes from the English word <em>slice<\/em>. The program literally \u201cslices\u201d the 3D model into thin horizontal layers and creates a toolpath for the print head on each layer.<\/p>\n<h2>Popular slicers for FDM printing<\/h2>\n<p>There are several leading slicer programs on the market, each with its own strengths:<\/p>\n<h3>Cura (UltiMaker Cura)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Cura<\/strong> is the world\u2019s most popular free slicer. Developed by UltiMaker, it supports a huge number of printers and has an intuitive interface. Cura offers both basic settings for beginners and hundreds of advanced options for experienced users.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Supports over 400 printer models<\/li>\n<li>A huge library of plugins<\/li>\n<li>Regular updates and an active community<\/li>\n<li>Available for Windows, macOS and Linux<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>PrusaSlicer<\/h3>\n<p><strong>PrusaSlicer<\/strong>, developed by the Czech company Prusa Research, is considered one of the most powerful and precise slicers. It\u2019s based on the open-source Slic3r project and is constantly being improved.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Excellent support generation (including \u201csmart\u201d supports)<\/li>\n<li>Precise control over print settings<\/li>\n<li>Built-in profiles for Prusa printers and many others<\/li>\n<li>Multi-material printing support<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Other slicers<\/h3>\n<p>Also worth mentioning: <strong>OrcaSlicer<\/strong> \u2014 a PrusaSlicer fork with extra features that\u2019s quickly gaining popularity; <strong>Bambu Studio<\/strong> \u2014 optimised for Bambu Lab printers; <strong>Simplify3D<\/strong> \u2014 a paid slicer with powerful capabilities.<\/p>\n<h2>What G-code is<\/h2>\n<p><strong>G-code<\/strong> is a programming language for computer numerical control (CNC), used not only in 3D printing but also in milling machines and lathes. In 3D printing, G-code is a text file containing a sequence of commands for the printer.<\/p>\n<p>Here are a few typical G-code commands:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>G28<\/strong> \u2014 return all axes to the home position (homing)<\/li>\n<li><strong>G1 X50 Y50 Z0.2 F3000<\/strong> \u2014 a linear move to X=50, Y=50, Z=0.2 at 3000 mm\/min<\/li>\n<li><strong>M104 S210<\/strong> \u2014 set the hotend temperature to 210\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li><strong>M140 S60<\/strong> \u2014 set the bed temperature to 60\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li><strong>G92 E0<\/strong> \u2014 reset the extrusion counter<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A typical G-code file for one part can contain anything from a few thousand to several million lines of code. That\u2019s why nobody writes G-code by hand \u2014 the slicer does that job.<\/p>\n<h2>Key slicer settings<\/h2>\n<p>The quality, strength and appearance of a printed part depend directly on the right slicer settings. Let\u2019s look at the most important ones.<\/p>\n<h3>Layer height<\/h3>\n<p>This is the thickness of each horizontal layer the part is built from. Typical values:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>0.1 mm<\/strong> \u2014 high quality, smooth surface, slow printing<\/li>\n<li><strong>0.2 mm<\/strong> \u2014 standard quality, the best balance of speed and quality<\/li>\n<li><strong>0.3 mm<\/strong> \u2014 draft printing, fast but with visible layers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Layer height is probably the very first setting that affects print time and appearance. Halving the layer height roughly doubles the print time.<\/p>\n<h3>Infill<\/h3>\n<p>3D-printed parts usually aren\u2019t solid inside \u2014 they have an internal infill structure. The key settings:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Infill percentage<\/strong> \u2014 from 0% (a hollow part) to 100% (solid). Typical values: 15\u201325% for decorative items, 40\u201360% for functional parts.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Infill pattern<\/strong> \u2014 the geometric pattern of the internal structure: lines, grid, triangles, gyroid, honeycomb. Each pattern has different strength properties.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Gyroid<\/strong> is one of the best infill patterns, giving even strength in all directions.<\/p>\n<h3>Supports<\/h3>\n<p>When a part has features overhanging at more than 45\u00b0, temporary <strong>support structures<\/strong> have to be printed under them. After printing, the supports are removed by hand.<\/p>\n<p>Modern slicers offer different types of supports:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Normal supports<\/strong> \u2014 columns and walls under overhanging features<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tree supports<\/strong> \u2014 branching, tree-like structures that use less material and are easier to remove<\/li>\n<li><strong>Soluble supports<\/strong> \u2014 printed in PVA plastic, which dissolves in water (needs a dual-extruder printer)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Print speed<\/h3>\n<p>The print head\u2019s speed is measured in mm\/s and directly affects print time and quality:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>30\u201350 mm\/s<\/strong> \u2014 slow printing, high quality, less vibration<\/li>\n<li><strong>60\u2013100 mm\/s<\/strong> \u2014 the standard speed for most printers<\/li>\n<li><strong>150\u2013300 mm\/s<\/strong> \u2014 high-speed printing (needs a suitable printer and settings)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Print temperature<\/h3>\n<p>Each material needs its own temperature:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>PLA:<\/strong> hotend 190\u2013220\u00b0C, bed 50\u201360\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li><strong>PETG:<\/strong> hotend 220\u2013250\u00b0C, bed 70\u201385\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li><strong>TPU:<\/strong> hotend 220\u2013240\u00b0C, bed 40\u201360\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li><strong>ABS:<\/strong> hotend 230\u2013260\u00b0C, bed 90\u2013110\u00b0C<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Other important settings<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Number of walls (perimeters)<\/strong> \u2014 the thickness of the part\u2019s outer shell. 3\u20134 walls give good strength.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Number of top\/bottom layers<\/strong> \u2014 how many solid layers form the top and bottom surfaces.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Retraction<\/strong> \u2014 pulling the filament back during travel moves, which prevents \u201cstringing\u201d between features.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bed adhesion<\/strong> \u2014 a way to improve first-layer adhesion: a skirt, brim or raft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>How to prepare a model for printing<\/h2>\n<p>Preparing a model for 3D printing in a slicer takes a few steps:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Import the 3D model<\/strong> into the slicer (STL, OBJ, 3MF or STEP format).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Position the model<\/strong> on the virtual platform \u2014 choose the best orientation to minimise supports and get a better surface.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Choose a print profile<\/strong> \u2014 material, layer height, quality.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Adjust the settings<\/strong> \u2014 infill, supports, speed and other settings according to your requirements.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Slice it<\/strong> \u2014 press \u201cSlice\u201d and wait for the G-code to be generated.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Check the preview<\/strong> \u2014 the slicer shows the print layer by layer. Check that everything looks right.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Save the G-code<\/strong> to an SD card or send it straight to the printer.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Don\u2019t worry \u2014 we\u2019ll do it all for you<\/h2>\n<p>If all of the above sounds complicated, that\u2019s perfectly normal. Slicing is a whole science, and getting the settings right takes experience and an understanding of each material and each type of part.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s why, when you order 3D printing at <a href=\"\/en\/\">3dprint.lviv.ua<\/a>, you don\u2019t need to know anything about slicers or G-code. Our specialists will prepare your model for printing, choose the best settings for each part and make sure you get the best result. All you need to do is send a 3D model or even just a sketch \u2014 the team will do the rest.<\/p>\n<p>You can learn more about the available <a href=\"https:\/\/3dprint.lviv.ua\/en\/materials\/\">printing materials<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/3dprint.lviv.ua\/en\/prices\/\">service prices<\/a> on the relevant pages of the site.<\/p>\n<h2>Summary<\/h2>\n<p>A slicer is the brain of 3D printing \u2014 the program that turns a beautiful 3D model into a practical set of instructions for the printer. Good slicing is the difference between a successful print and a pile of wasted plastic. Understanding the basic settings will help you describe your quality and performance requirements more clearly.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ready to order 3D printing?<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/3dprint.lviv.ua\/en\/contact\/\">Contact the 3dprint.lviv.ua team<\/a> \u2014 we\u2019ll handle the whole process from slicing to the finished part, ensuring the best quality and result for your project.<\/p>\n<h2>Order 3D printing<\/h2>\n<p>Need quality 3D printing? <a href=\"https:\/\/3dprint.lviv.ua\/en\/materials\/\">printing materials<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/3dprint.lviv.ua\/en\/prices\/\">prices<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/3dprint.lviv.ua\/en\/3d-printing-services\/\">order 3D printing<\/a>. Delivery across Ukraine by Nova Poshta.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What a slicer is and why you need one Between a 3D model on a computer screen and a finished part from the printer there\u2019s an important intermediate step \u2014 slicing. A slicer is software that turns a three-dimensional model into a set of instructions for a 3D printer, known as G-code. Without a slicer, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":348,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-410","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technologies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3dprint.lviv.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/410","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3dprint.lviv.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3dprint.lviv.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3dprint.lviv.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=410"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/3dprint.lviv.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/410\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":486,"href":"https:\/\/3dprint.lviv.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/410\/revisions\/486"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3dprint.lviv.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/348"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3dprint.lviv.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=410"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3dprint.lviv.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=410"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3dprint.lviv.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=410"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}